Period+9

Period 9 THE DECADE OF THE 1880's The 1880's was the core of the Second Industrial Revolution. There was a major "economic boom" due to the making of many railroads and other convenient means of travel being used. Skyscrapers and modern style buildings were major things that marked the Second Industrial Revolution in the West. The economy was very good at the time due to the businesses in the cities and also due to the making of railroads. However, this was still a time where there wasn't really any equality. African Americans were looked down upon, and women didn't have the right to vote or even go to school.



QUICK SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS

**Assassination of James. A. Garfield, 1881 -** Devin Gonzales James A. Garfield was the 20th president of the United States Of America. Only 4 months into him joining and coming into office, he was shot twice. James A. Garfield survived for about 2 months longer enduring lots of pain, going through many surgeries without any pain medicines at all. James Garfield fought a long hard battle before dying on September 19, 1881.

**Clara Barton Founds the American Red Cross in 1881 -** Marcus Ng Clara Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a teacher, activist, and a nurse. She helped injured soldiers in the Civil war, and after it ended she helped to educate freed black slaves. She also ran an office to find missing soldiers from the war. Later she gave lectures and speeches across the country and supported women’s suffrage, the right to vote and African American rights. In 1869 she went to Geneva, Switzerland. During her trip to Switzerland, Clara Barton came into contact with the International Red Cross. In her time in Europe she aided in the Franco-Prussian war, by tending to soldiers and giving supplies. With the creation of the Geneva Convention, a group of four treaties that put in international humanitarian laws on war like banning the use of gasses in war, protection of POWs, civilians, and the wounded, as well as a neutral organization that would help those in need, which would become the International Red Cross. After some correspondence with the International Red Cross, Clara Barton was tasked with recognition of an American Red Cross. The road to recognition was a long difficult road. She first took it toPresident Rutherford B. Hayes, who saw it hadquestionable alliances and denied it. She then took it to his successor James Garfield who was supportive and it appeared ready to sign it, but was assassinated. Then his successor Chester Arthur, signed it and was ratified by Congress, but because many American felt that after the civil war there wouldn’t be any wars as bad, as well as amendments to the Geneva Convention, the American Red Cross also agreed to help with calamities other than war. Naturally Clara Barton became the president of the newly formed organization and in its first twenty years it helped with natural disasters, like famines in Russia, tidal waves in the Sea Islands in South Carolina, and a tidal wave that struck Galveston, Texas. The American Red Cross still operates today, helping with natural disasters and conflict on and off US soil.



**1882 Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert and Charlie Ford** - Jason Cura
====Jesse Woodson James was an American outlaw, gang leader, bank robber, train robber, and murderer from the state of Missouri and the most famous member of the James-Younger Gang. He also faked his own death and was known as J.M James. Already a celebrity when he was alive, he became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death. Jesse and his brother Frank James were Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War. They were accused of participating in atrocities committed against Union soldiers. After the war, as members of one gang or another, they robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains. Despite popular portrayals of James as a kind of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, there is no evidence that he and his gang used their robbery gains for anyone but themselves. The James brothers were most active with their gang from about 1866 until 1876, when their attempted robbery of a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, resulted in the capture or deaths of several members. They continued in crime for several years, recruiting new members, but were under increasing pressure from law enforcement. On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was killed by Robert Ford, who was a member of the gang living in the James house and who was hoping to collect a state reward on James' head.====

**Dawes Act of 1887 -** Leilani Akai The Dawes Act of 1887 was an act to provide for the allotment of lands in severally to Indians on the various reservations, and to extend the protection of the laws of the United States and the Territories over the Indians, and for other purposes. Also the Dawes Act has 11 sections basically stating what the Dawes Act is all about, and why the Dawes Act was created in the first place.

**Hatch Act of 1887 -** Jason Mageria The Hatch Act was written in 1887 by Congressman William Henry Hatch. He was a diplomat from Missouri who had served in the Confederate Army for a couple of years before he actually became part of the democratic party. He wrote and signed the Hatch Act in 1887 which did many things which were all mostly agricultural based. It created a strong basis for agriculture in the U.S. and made sure that most of the animals raised in farms were healthy, so that the meat, eggs, and milk provided from farms would be safe to consume. It also gave public lands to States and territories so as to further improve agricultural research through colleges and universities. Though it was written in 1887 the Hatch Act has been in effect since then and some parts of it have been modified and enforced even more.

**Presidential Election of 1888** **-** Lauryn Lau The presidential election of 1888 was widely thought of as a referendum throughout many southern states and brought about by the Republicans. This was a large election between James A. Garfield and Winfield Scott Hancock. James A. Garfield represented the Republican party and Winfield Scott Hancock represented the Democratic party. During the election, these two running candidates differed on the topic of tariff. The republicans supported high protective duties and the democrats wanted tariff for revenue only. In the end, majority sided with the Republicans and James A. Garfield won the election!

**Johnstown Flood** of 1889- Dominic <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">The Johnstown flood that happened in 1889 and was a huge flood that caused many deaths and a lot of damage to the town. The water that caused the flood came from 14 miles away this lets you know how powerful the water was. The 4.8 billion gallons of water killed 2,200 people in the flood. This flood was one of the worst things that happened in the 1880’s it was so bad that the Johnstown flood was the first disaster that the American red cross responded to. It has been said that the hunting and fishing club that owned the damn that broke and let all the water out is to blame because they did not keep it in good shape and it just was not strong enough to hold all of the water back. <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">

<span style="background-color: #e9602f; color: #fefbfc; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%;">PICTURES TO BETTER ILLUSTRATE THE 1880'S

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Due to the many railroads that were put into effect in the 1880s, there were many trains used as a means of transportation.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">The cities were thriving and booming due to the economic boost. Skyscrapers and modern style buildings were the main focus in major cities. __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">PRODUCTS FIRST INTRODUCED/INVENTIONS __

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Coca-Cola, the carbonated soft drink we drink today, was first introduced in 1886 by John Pemberton. John Pemberton was a pharmacist who originally sold Coca-Cola at the soda-fountain at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta.

The first seismograph was first introduced in the 1880.

<span style="background-color: #e9602f; color: #fefbfc; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 150%; text-align: justify;">CITATIONS: <span style="color: #e9602f; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: justify;">__ Commercial/Music Video: __ <span style="color: #e9602f; display: block; font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: justify;">__ 2media type="youtube" key="dBobwh8My7M?rel=0" height="315" width="560" __media type="youtube" key="Km0ftagQuf0" height="315" width="420" "1880 Garfield v. Hancock." //Harp Week Explore History//. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. <http://elections.harpweek.com/1880/overview-1880-1.htmLeip, David. "1888 Presidential General Election Results." //National Election//

//Results//. N.p., 2005. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://uselectionatlas.org/ RESULTS/national.php?year=1888>.

Porch Campaign of 1888. ." //Presidential Studies Quarterly// 40.3 (2010): 565+. //Questia Online Library//. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.  <http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5044061345>.  n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2011. <http://www.historycentral.com/elections/  1880.html>.
 * Summers, Mark Wahlgren. "Minority Victory: Gilded Age Politics and the Front
 * "United States Presidential Elections." //Historycentral.com//. Multimedia, Inc,